Dears,
Here is a link to 28 Dhamma talks given on the subject of Nibbana. On this site there is also the text version of these talks available as pdf or html. I have read the first five talks and recommend them to those who are interested in dependent origination especially. These talks are not introductory level, but are more for the experienced meditator. These talks were recommended by Bhante Analayo at his recent retreat at Insight Retreat Center which I highly recommend. It is a dana retreat center, run completely on donations with no paid staff.
http://www.seeingthroughthenet.net/eng/gen.php?gp=sermons&cat=nn&p=1
with friendliness,
Ayya Dipa
Thursday, May 9, 2013
Tuesday, December 18, 2012
Dear Dhamma Friends,
We will be conducting New Year Vipassana Meditation Retreat from December 22, 2012 to January 1, 2013 under the close guidance of the residing Sayadaw Ashin Eindardipati and Sayadaw Ashin Nyana Nanda. Interested yogis should contact the following persons as soon as possible for further information and registration. Yogis who would like to participate only parts of the retreat are also welcome.
Please visit Chanmyay USA website Event page for more information as well as other events information at SVA and please feel free to forward this email to anyone who may like to join New Year Vipassana Retreat.
Contact Person:
Daw Dhammesi
Ph: 217-726-9601
Ph: 260-312-3022
E-mail: nanthwae@yahoo.com
Dr. Elizabeth Myint
Ph: 217-220-1536
E-mail: emyint@att.net
Win Win Than
Ph: 440-846-1287
E-mail: lpwtin@sbcglobal.net
Yee Yee Thwin
Ph: 309-833-3908
Ph: 309-363-0942
E-mail: yythwin@hotmail.com
Retreat Location:
Chanmyay Satipatthana Vihara
9 Harriett Lane
Springfield, IL62702
May all beings find dhamma and be peaceful!
Satipatthana Vipassana Association
http://chanmyayusa.org
Friday, December 14, 2012
Dear Friends,
I just completed reading the new translation of the Anguttara Nikaya (Numerical Discourses of the Buddha)
translated by Ven. Bhikkhu Bodhi. As I read these discourses I highlighted those discourses that I find particularly relevant to my life as a monastic. I would like to begin taking each one of these short discourses and reading them, and then having some discussion about them. I am writing to ask if anyone is interested in participating in a Google Hangout in which I would read a discourse and then offer some discussion of my own and then open it up to comments and questions from those who choose to join the Google Hangout. Please let me know if this is something you would like to try.
with friendliness,
Ayya Dipa
I just completed reading the new translation of the Anguttara Nikaya (Numerical Discourses of the Buddha)
translated by Ven. Bhikkhu Bodhi. As I read these discourses I highlighted those discourses that I find particularly relevant to my life as a monastic. I would like to begin taking each one of these short discourses and reading them, and then having some discussion about them. I am writing to ask if anyone is interested in participating in a Google Hangout in which I would read a discourse and then offer some discussion of my own and then open it up to comments and questions from those who choose to join the Google Hangout. Please let me know if this is something you would like to try.
with friendliness,
Ayya Dipa
Monday, October 15, 2012
Reflections on Right Resolve
Reflections on Right
Resolve
on the Noble Eightfold
Path:
a discussion guide
Ozarks Dharma Community
October 10, 2012
(Also available as a pdf download)
1. What is the relationship of Right
Thought/Intention/Resolve/Aspiration to the other parts of the Noble
Eightfold Path?
"And how is right view the
forerunner? One discerns wrong resolve as wrong resolve, and right
resolve as right resolve. And what is wrong resolve? Being resolved
on sensuality, on ill will, on harmfulness. This is wrong resolve...
"One tries to abandon wrong
resolve & to enter into right resolve: This is one's right
effort. One is mindful to abandon wrong resolve & to enter &
remain in right resolve: This is one's right mindfulness. Thus these
three qualities — right view, right effort, & right mindfulness
— run & circle around right resolve."
"Maha-cattarisaka
Sutta: The Great Forty" (MN 117), translated from the Pali by
Thanissaro Bhikkhu. Access to Insight, 13 July 2012,
http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.117.than.html
2. How did the Buddha experience the
connection of these parts?
“The Blessed One said, "Monks,
before my self-awakening, when I was still just an unawakened
Bodhisatta, the thought occurred to me: 'Why don't I keep dividing my
thinking into two sorts?' So I made thinking imbued with sensuality,
thinking imbued with ill will, & thinking imbued with harmfulness
one sort, and thinking imbued with renunciation, thinking imbued with
non-ill will, & thinking imbued with harmlessness another sort.
"And as I remained thus heedful,
ardent, & resolute, thinking imbued with sensuality arose in me.
I discerned that 'Thinking imbued with sensuality has arisen in me;
and that leads to my own affliction or to the affliction of others or
to the affliction of both. It obstructs discernment, promotes
vexation, & does not lead to Unbinding.'
"As I noticed that it leads to my
own affliction, it subsided. As I noticed that it leads to the
affliction of others... to the affliction of both... it obstructs
discernment, promotes vexation, & does not lead to Unbinding, it
subsided. Whenever thinking imbued with sensuality had arisen, I
simply abandoned it, destroyed it, dispelled it, wiped it out of
existence.
"And as I remained thus heedful,
ardent, & resolute, thinking imbued with ill will arose in me. I
discerned that 'Thinking imbued with ill will has arisen in me; and
that leads to my own affliction or to the affliction of others or to
the affliction of both. It obstructs discernment, promotes vexation,
& does not lead to Unbinding.'
"As I noticed that it leads to my
own affliction, it subsided. As I noticed that it leads to the
affliction of others... to the affliction of both... it obstructs
discernment, promotes vexation, & does not lead to Unbinding, it
subsided. Whenever thinking imbued with ill will had arisen, I simply
abandoned it, destroyed it, dispelled it, wiped it out of existence.
"Whatever a monk keeps pursuing
with his thinking & pondering, that becomes the inclination of
his awareness. If a monk keeps pursuing thinking imbued with
sensuality, abandoning thinking imbued with renunciation, his mind is
bent by that thinking imbued with sensuality. If a monk keeps
pursuing thinking imbued with ill will, abandoning thinking imbued
with non-ill will, his mind is bent by that thinking imbued with ill
will. If a monk keeps pursuing thinking imbued with harmfulness,
abandoning thinking imbued with harmlessness, his mind is bent by
that thinking imbued with harmfulness.”
"Dvedhavitakka Sutta:
Two Sorts of Thinking" (MN 19), translated from the Pali by
Thanissaro Bhikkhu. Access to Insight, 25 February 2012,
http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.019.than.html .
3. So how did the Buddha define
Right Intention?
"And what is right resolve? Being
resolved on renunciation, on freedom from ill will, on harmlessness:
This is called right resolve.”
"Magga-vibhanga
Sutta: An Analysis of the Path" (SN 45.8), translated from the
Pali by Thanissaro Bhikkhu. Access to Insight, 1 July 2010,
http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn45/sn45.008.than.html .
4. How is this different from
desire?
“The second element of the Eightfold
Path is samma sankappa. Sometimes this is translated as 'Right
Thought', thinking in the right way. However, it actually has more of
a dynamic quality like 'intention', 'attitude' or 'aspiration'. I
like to use 'aspiration' which is somehow very meaningful in this
Eightfold Path — because we do aspire.
“It is important to see that
aspiration is not desire. The Pali word 'tanha' means desire
that comes out of ignorance, whereas 'sankappa' means
aspiration not coming from ignorance. Aspiration might seem like a
kind of desire to us because in English we use the word 'desire' for
everything of that nature — either aspiring or wanting. You might
think that aspiration is a kind of tanha, wanting to become
enlightened (bhava tanha) — but samma sankappa comes
from Right Understanding, seeing clearly. It is not wanting to become
anything; it is not the desire to become an enlightened person. With
Right Understanding, that whole illusion and way of thinking no
longer makes sense.
“Aspiration is a feeling, intention,
attitude or movement within us. Our spirit rises, it does not sink
downwards — it is not desperation! When there is Right
Understanding, we aspire to truth, beauty and goodness. Samma
ditthi and samma sankappa, Right Understanding and Right
Aspiration, are called panna or wisdom and they make up the
first of the three sections in the Eightfold Path.”
Ajahn Sumedho, “Right
Aspiration, in The Four Noble Truths
(http://www.amaravati.org/documents/4noble2/data/07fourth_old.html#aspi).
5. How is this
aspiration connected to the end of suffering and the heart of the
Buddha's teachings?
“Right intention claims the second
place in the path, between right view and the triad of moral factors
that begins with right speech, because the mind's intentional
function forms the crucial link connecting our cognitive perspective
with our modes of active engagement in the world. On the one side
actions always point back to the thoughts from which they spring.
Thought is the forerunner of action, directing body and speech,
stirring them into activity, using them as its instruments for
expressing its aims and ideals. These aims and ideals, our
intentions, in turn point back a further step to the prevailing
views. When wrong views prevail, the outcome is wrong intention
giving rise to unwholesome actions. Thus one who denies the moral
efficacy of action and measures achievement in terms of gain and
status will aspire to nothing but gain and status, using whatever
means he can to acquire them. When such pursuits become widespread,
the result is suffering, the tremendous suffering of individuals,
social groups, and nations out to gain wealth, position, and power
without regard for consequences. The cause for the endless
competition, conflict, injustice, and oppression does not lie outside
the mind. These are all just manifestations of intentions,
outcroppings of thoughts driven by greed, by hatred, by delusion.”
"The Noble Eightfold
Path: The Way to the End of Suffering", by Bhikkhu Bodhi. Access
to Insight, 16 June 2011,
http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/bodhi/waytoend.html .
6. So what is the intention for
renunciation?
“The Buddha describes his teaching as
running contrary to the way of the world. The way of the world is the
way of desire, and the unenlightened who follow this way flow with
the current of desire, seeking happiness by pursuing the objects in
which they imagine they will find fulfillment. The Buddha's message
of renunciation states exactly the opposite: the pull of desire is to
be resisted and eventually abandoned. Desire is to be abandoned not
because it is morally evil but because it is a root of suffering.
Thus renunciation, turning away from craving and its drive for
gratification, becomes the key to happiness, to freedom from the hold
of attachment.”
“The Buddha does not offer as a
solution the method of repression — the attempt to drive desire
away with a mind full of fear and loathing. This approach does not
resolve the problem but only pushes it below the surface, where it
continues to thrive. The tool the Buddha holds out to free the mind
from desire is understanding. Real renunciation is not a matter of
compelling ourselves to give up things still inwardly cherished, but
of changing our perspective on them so that they no longer bind us.
When we understand the nature of desire, when we investigate it
closely with keen attention, desire falls away by itself, without
need for struggle.”
“When desire is scrutinized closely,
we find that it is constantly shadowed by dukkha. Sometimes
dukkha appears as pain or irritation; often it lies low as a
constant strain of discontent. But the two — desire and dukkha
— are inseparable concomitants. We can confirm this for ourselves
by considering the whole cycle of desire. At the moment desire
springs up it creates in us a sense of lack, the pain of want. To end
this pain we struggle to fulfill the desire. If our effort fails, we
experience frustration, disappointment, sometimes despair. But even
the pleasure of success is not unqualified. We worry that we might
lose the ground we have gained. We feel driven to secure our
position, to safeguard our territory, to gain more, to rise higher,
to establish tighter controls. The demands of desire seem endless,
and each desire demands the eternal: it wants the things we get to
last forever. But all the objects of desire are impermanent. Whether
it be wealth, power, position, or other persons, separation is
inevitable, and the pain that accompanies separation is proportional
to the force of attachment...”
(IBID)
7. What is the intention of
good-will?
“The intention of good will opposes
the intention of ill will, thoughts governed by anger and aversion.
As in the case of desire, there are two ineffective ways of handling
ill will. One is to yield to it, to express the aversion by bodily or
verbal action. This approach releases the tension, helps drive the
anger "out of one's system," but it also poses certain
dangers. It breeds resentment, provokes retaliation, creates enemies,
poisons relationships, and generates unwholesome kamma; in the
end, the ill will does not leave the "system" after all,
but instead is driven down to a deeper level where it continues to
vitiate one's thoughts and conduct. The other approach, repression,
also fails to dispel the destructive force of ill will. It merely
turns that force around and pushes it inward, where it becomes
transmogrified into self-contempt, chronic depression, or a tendency
to irrational outbursts of violence.
“The remedy the Buddha recommends to
counteract ill will, especially when the object is another person, is
a quality called in Pali metta. This word derives from another
word meaning "friend," but metta signifies much more
than ordinary friendliness. I prefer to translate it by the compound
"loving-kindness," which best captures the intended sense:
an intense feeling of selfless love for other beings radiating
outwards as a heartfelt concern for their well-being and happiness.
Metta is not just sentimental good will, nor is it a
conscientious response to a moral imperative or divine command. It
must become a deep inner feeling, characterized by spontaneous warmth
rather than by a sense of obligation. At its peak metta rises to the
heights of a brahmavihara, a "divine dwelling," a
total way of being centered on the radiant wish for the welfare of
all living beings.”
(IBID)
8. What is the intention of
harmlessness?
“The suffering we may inflict upon
our fellow-beings includes first those cases where other beings
become passive objects of our harmful actions. Our greed robs,
impoverishes, deprives and detracts, soils and violates. Our hate
kills and destroys, hurts and rouses fear. The turbid waters of our
interfering ignorance flood and devastate the neighbor's peaceful
shores; our misjudgments lead him astray and leave him in calamity.
“Then there is a second and even more
detrimental way our defilements may cause harm to others. Our evil or
impure actions often provide in others a harmful response that
entangles them still more in the meshes of their defilements. Our own
greed increases the competitive greed of others; our own lust rouses
in others lustful desires which might have slumbered had we not
awakened them. Our own hate and anger provoke hostility in return,
starting thus the endless round of mutual revenge. Our prejudices
become infectious. By our own illusions we deceive others who, by
believing them, lend them increased weight and influence. Our wrong
judgments, false values and erroneous views, sometimes only casually
expressed, are taken up and expanded by others into extensive systems
of deceptive and perverted notions working untold harm on people's
minds. In all these cases a good part of the responsibility will be
ours. How careful we must be in what we speak and write!
“A third way we may cause suffering
to others is due to the limited and varying lifetime of our emotions.
Our own love towards a certain person may die a natural death, while
the person whom we loved still loves us, and thus suffers under our
neglect. Or, in reverse, while the other's love for us has died, our
own still lives and constantly urges him, encroaches upon his need
for freedom, disturbs his peace and tears at his heart, causing him
sorrow because he cannot help us. These are quite common situations
in human relationships, and their consequences are often tragic. We
feel their poignancy particularly strongly because no moral guilt
seems to be involved, only the stern impassive law of impermanence
impressing its painful stamp upon this scene of life. Yet here too a
moral principle applies, though it is a matter of definition whether
we use the word "guilt." Understood rightly, the situation
presents a case of lust, attachment or craving causing pain through
lack of fulfillment. Looking at this case in this light, how clear
will become the second noble truth: "Craving is the origin of
suffering." And so too that seeming paradox: "From what is
dear to us, suffering arises." When deeply contemplating that
little specimen of life's suffering as presented here, we shall feel
indeed: "Truly, this alone is enough to turn away from all forms
of existence, to become disenchanted with them, to become detached
from them!"
“We still have not exhausted all the
ways our own imperfections may draw others into the whirlpool of
suffering. But it may suffice here to add a fourth and last point.
Our own passions and ignorance, whether they involve another directly
or only as an observer, may contribute to his harm by destroying his
trust in man, his belief in high ideals, and his will to contribute
to the fund of goodness in the world. Our own imperfections may thus
induce him to become egocentric out of disappointment, a cynic or a
misanthrope out of personal or impersonal resentment. Owing to our
own imperfections, the forces of Good will again have been weakened
not only in us, but in others too.
“… Certainly our own wholeness and
health will not cure others, at least not directly and not in all
cases. Our own harmlessness will only rarely keep others from doing
harm. But by winning to spiritual health, we shall diminish at least
by one the sources of infection in the world and our own harmlessness
will lessen the fuel nourishing the fires of hate which ravage this
earth.”
"Why End Suffering?",
by Nyanaponika Thera. Access to Insight, 7 June 2010,
http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/nyanaponika/whyend.html .
Retrieved on 9 October 2012.
9. So how do we proceed?
“One of the Buddha's most penetrating
discoveries is that our intentions are the main factors shaping our
lives and that they can be mastered as a skill. If we subject them to
the same qualities of mindfulness, persistence, and discernment
involved in developing any skill, we can perfect them to the point
where they will lead to no regrets or damaging results in any given
situation; ultimately, they can lead us to the truest possible
happiness. To train our intentions in this way, though, requires a
deep level of self-awareness. Why is that? If you look carefully at
the reasons for our disillusionment with good intentions, you'll find
that they all come down to delusion: delusion in how we formulate our
intentions, delusion in how we perceive our intentions, and delusion
in how we attend to their results. As the Buddha tells us, delusion
is one of the three main roots for unskillful mental habits, the
other two being greed and aversion. These unskillful roots lie
entangled with skillful roots — states of mind that are free of
greed, aversion, and delusion — in the soil of the untrained heart.
If we can't isolate and dig up the unskillful roots, we can never be
fully sure of our intentions. Even when a skillful intention seems
foremost in the mind, the unskillful roots can quickly send up shoots
that blind us as to what's actually going on.
“... In essence, the Buddha told
Rahula to use his actions as a mirror for reflecting the quality of
his mind. Each time before he acted — and here "acting"
covers any action in thought, word, or deed — he was to reflect on
the result he expected from the action and ask himself: "Is this
going to lead to harm for myself and others, or not?" If it was
going to be harmful, he shouldn't do it. If it looked harmless, he
could go ahead and act. However, the Buddha cautioned Rahula, he
shouldn't blindly trust his expectations. While he was in the process
of acting, he should ask himself if there were any unexpected bad
consequences arising. If there were, he should stop. If there
weren't, he could continue his action to the end. Even then, though,
the job of reflection wasn't finished. He should also notice the
actual short- and long-term consequences of the action. If an action
in word or deed ended up causing harm, then he should inform a
fellow-practitioner on the path and listen to that person's advice.
If the mistaken action was purely an act of the mind, then he should
develop a sense of shame and disgust toward that kind of thought. In
both cases, he should resolve never to make the same mistake again.
If, however, the long-term consequences of the original action were
harmless, he should take joy in being on the right path and continue
his training.
“... As we examine our intentions, we
need to learn how to say no to unskillful motives in a way that's
firm enough to keep them in check but not so firm that it drives them
underground into subconscious repression. We can learn to see the
mind as a committee: the fact that unworthy impulses are proposed by
members of the committee doesn't mean that we are unworthy. We don't
have to assume responsibility for everything that gets brought to the
committee floor. Our responsibility lies instead in our power to
adopt or veto the motion.
“At the same time, we should be adult
enough to admit that our habitual or spontaneous impulses are not
always trustworthy — first thought is not always best thought —
and that what we feel like doing now may not give results that will
be pleasant to feel at a later date. As the Buddha said, there are
four courses of action that may be open to us at any particular time:
one that we want to do and will give good results; one that we don't
want to do and will give bad results; one that we want to do but will
give bad results; and one that we don't want to do but will give good
results. The first two are no-brainers. We don't need much
intelligence to do the first and avoid the second. The measure of our
true intelligence lies in how we handle the last two choices.
“...At first glance, we might think
that continual self-reflection of this sort would add further
complications to our lives when they already seem more than
complicated enough, but in fact the Buddha's instructions are an
attempt to strip the questions in our minds down to the most useful
essentials. He explicitly warns against taking on too many questions,
particularly those that lead nowhere and tie us up in knots: "Who
am I? Am I basically a good person? An unworthy person?"
Instead, he tells us to focus on our intentions so that we can see
how they shape our life, and to master the processes of cause and
effect so that they can shape our life in increasingly better ways.
This is the way every great artist or craftsman develops mastery and
skill.
“...When we look at the present
moment from this perspective, we find that our experience of the
present doesn't "just happen." Instead, it's a product of
our involvement — in terms of present intentions, the results of
present intentions, and the results of past intentions — in which
present intentions are the most important factor. The more we focus
on that involvement, the more we can bring it out of the half-light
of the subconscious and into the full light of awareness. There we
can train our intentions, through conscious trial and error, to be
even more skillful, enabling us to lessen our experience of suffering
and pain in the present. This is how skillful intentions pave the
road to mental health and well being in the ordinary world of our
lives.
“As we work at developing our
intentions to even higher levels of skill, we find that the most
consummate intentions are those that center the mind securely in a
clear awareness of the present. As we use them to become more and
more familiar with the present, we come to see that all present
intentions, no matter how skillful, are inherently burdensome. The
only way out of this burden is to allow the unraveling of the
intentions that provide the weave for our present experience. This
provides an opening to the dimension of unlimited freedom that lies
beyond them. That's how skillful intentions pave the road all the way
to the edge of nirvana. And from there, the path — "like that
of birds through space" — can't be traced.”
"The Road to Nirvana
Is Paved with Skillful Intentions", by Thanissaro Bhikkhu.
Access to Insight, 8 March 2011,
http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/intentions.html
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Friday, September 21, 2012
Interview with Sister Dipa
Sister Dipa will receive ordination as a bhikkhuni in October 2012. She currently resides at Mahajapati Monastery and generously agreed to answer some questions regarding her path of practice and the importance of supporting full ordination for bhikkhunis within the Theravada tradition.
We are very grateful to Sister Dipa for her generosity in leading the BOW Buddhist Meditation Group (2004-2009), her example in putting the Buddha's teachings into practice, and her willingness to share her time and thoughtful answers with us.
We are very grateful to Sister Dipa for her generosity in leading the BOW Buddhist Meditation Group (2004-2009), her example in putting the Buddha's teachings into practice, and her willingness to share her time and thoughtful answers with us.
****************
This embedded video can also be viewed at Youtube HERE.
A synopsis of Sister Dipa's answers can be found HERE (PDF).
A synopsis of Sister Dipa's answers can be found HERE (PDF).
In this interview, Sister Dipa answers the following questions for our reflection:
- How long have you been practicing and what first inspired you to study and practice Buddhism?
- What practices have been most helpful in sustaining your commitment to the path?
- Tell us about your daily responsibilities at Mahapajapati.
- What are some practical ways and benefits for isolated lay Buddhist communities (like ours) to be related to monastics?
- What is the significance of bhikkhuni ordination to you personally and for the Buddhist community as a whole?
Monday, September 10, 2012
Beginning a Chanting Practice
This handout was meant to help someone understand some of the reasons for including chanting in a daily practice. It can also be downloaded as a pdf file.
***********
1.
What is chanting?
Chanting
is the recitation of Buddhist texts using an agreed upon style of
rhythm and intonation. This makes it more suitable for group
recitation and aids memorization.
2.
Are there any reasons I should NOT
chant?
The
Buddha always encouraged us to be aware of our intentions in whatever
we do, and chanting is no exception. In the Vinaya Pitaka (ii. 108)
we are warned:
“Bhikkhus,
there are these five dangers when Dhamma is chanted with a long,
singing sound:
- He is pleased with himself regarding that sound, (= pride)
- others are pleased regarding that sound (they have regard for it but not for Dhamma)
- householders look down upon him (as music is for those who enjoy sense-pleasures)
- while trying for accuracy of sound his concentration is broken, (he neglects the meaning of what he is chanting)
- people coming after fall into views (by emulation) ("saying: Our teachers and preceptors sang it thus" [Commentary] — a source of both pride and quarreling among later generations of Buddhists).”
"Lay
Buddhist Practice: The Shrine Room, Uposatha Day, Rains Residence",
by Bhikkhu Khantipalo.
Access
to Insight, 7 June 2010,
http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/khantipalo/wheel206.html
3.
So, why chant at all? Why has chanting remained a part of Buddhist
practice across traditions and cultures?
Quite
simply, chanting is a mindfulness practice, an intentional act in
which we bring and keep the Buddha's teachings in mind.
- We become familiar with the teachings, call them to mind throughout our daily activities, reflect on their meanings for our personal lives, and make choices that arise out of the wisdom of those reflections.
- The chants become incorporated into our thoughts, speech and actions.
- Chanting is also an act of confidence in the Buddha's teachings and in our own ability to change, a sign both of respect and commitment.
- Chanting helps to build concentration and positive mood states and can be a very effective preparation for meditation.
4.
What language should be used to chant?
It is
common to learn a some chants in Pali and others in your vernacular.
Chanting in Pali has the advantage of helping the practitioner become
familiar with key words and phrases that occur throughout the
Buddha's teachings. But chanting in your native language gives you
more immediate access to the Buddha's teachings and the benefits of
chanting.
5.
How do I chant?
Normally,
the practitioner would kneel or sit in a respectful position and
bring hands together in anjali (hands together, palm-to-palm,
at heart level). As for the chants themselves, different traditions
will use different words, rhythms and tones. Chanting leaders, book
collections of chants and audio recordings all provide good ways to
learn.
6.
What are some common chants?
Many
lay Buddhists will memorize different homages to the Triple Gem (or
the Buddha specifically) in Pali, as well as the 5 or 8 Precepts.
Formal requests (e.g., for a dhamma talk or taking refuge) are
also commonly used at monasteries. Teachings commonly chanted
include: the Metta Sutta, Subjects for Frequent Recollection,
the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta, and the Four Requisites. For
a daily practice using both Pali and English, the Salutation to theTriple Gem and Passage of Encouragement combine both devotional and
didactic elements.
All
of these chants (and more) can be found in chanting books and
recordings, online, without charge. For example, Amaravati Monastery
has placed audio recordings with an accompanying book (pdf) together for
easy access
(http://www.amaravati.org/teachings/audio_compilation/1958
).
The Saranaloka Foundation also offers a chanting book and a few
example audio recordings (http://saranaloka.org/teaching/chanting/
).
Sunday, August 5, 2012
Two directly observed levels of selfing-becoming
-contributed by Joe Costello
"I teach the Dhamma for the abandoning of the gross acquisition of a self, such that, when you practice it, defiling mental qualities will be abandoned, bright mental qualities will grow, and you will enter & remain in the culmination & abundance of discernment, having known & realized it for yourself in the here & now. ... I also teach the Dhamma for the abandoning of the mind-made acquisition of a self... for the abandoning of the formless acquisition of a self, such that, when you practice it, defiling mental qualities will be abandoned, bright mental qualities will grow, and you will enter & remain in the culmination & abundance of discernment, having known & realized it for yourself in the here & now..." - The Buddha, Potthapada Sutta (DN 9)*
Just as everyone’s journey is unique, everyone’s practice seems to be different. Due to temperament or developmental history specific themes and aspects of the Dhamma can predominiate for different practitioners.
For me, one way to cultivate interest in mindfulness/concentration immersed in the flow of experience has been to frame practice as an investigation of selfing-becoming events. This is a little more complex than observing body sensations and thoughts but one has to observe body sensations and thoughts to observe selfing-becoming. The selfing-becoming process can be detected, observed, isolated and taken a part with even a moderate amount of concentration and mindfulness if the inclination and intention to do so is genuine. The Pali suttas clearly and repeatedly exhort us to critically examine self-fabrication in relation to the flow of experience.
For me anatta has always been central. I devoted a lot of years to studying and chasing the elusive “self” that seems to be at the heart of our culture and most peoples mental architecture. Despite graduate degrees in both sociology and
psychology, I wasn’t ever able to locate a stable, static self anywhere. It wasn’t in the body, neurochemistry, social relations, intersubjectivity or cultural identity. It also wasn’t “in” the construction of the last three.
What I did find was lots of little bits and pieces of events and processes that are often assembled into projections of self. While I can’t speak for other practitioners, all I have ever been able to observe is just the activity of assembling and projecting. There isn’t even an assembler or a projector behind any
of this selfing-becoming activity. Any sense of self is always linked to some evanescent event of consciousness or experience. It is never stable and was always morphing and shifting around. It is always arising and passing away in the most unpredictable and inconvenient ways. The inability to control or stabilize a sense of self is something most of us are familiar with. The machinations we engage in trying to control or stabilize a sense of identity or self is often a great source of suffering.
I would like to talk about two levels or dimensions and two modes of selfing –becoming activity that I have directly observed through mindfulness. As
mentioned before there are many entry points to the Dhamma. Even if you aren’t particularly inspired by this line of investigation it may inspire you to discover a theme or line of investigation that yields beneficial insights for you. We should always strive to be curious, open, respectful and encouraging about each other’s
practice, even if someone’s practice doesn’t look like ours.
Blatant selfing-becoming around views or identities is usually pretty easy to spot – at least in others.
The relationship between selfing-becoming and sensory contacts is sometimes a little harder to detect because it is usually ubiquitous and more generalized. While the mindfulness-concentration feedback loop creates the right conditions for selfing-becoming to be seen for the activity it is, we have to also cultivate a sense of unconstricted curiosity and the genuine intention to see it. Mindfulness can help us to create enough space between the experience of the fabrication and the fabrication to actually make the distinction.
The two levels of selfing-becoming I have been able to detect are the diffuse-fuzzy level and the stronger, sharper object-subject levels. The edges at the diffuse-fuzzy level are softer and less defined. I most notice the diffuse-fuzzy dimension when I am sitting quietly, in between tasks, or when I am attending to some object without any particular purpose or intention. The two dimensions seem to oscillate back and forth a lot. The diffuse-fuzzy level can have an object (like gazing at the stars or out a window) but the relationship to the object is more open, softer and looser. While the level is more diffuse there is still a fuzzy but definite self-centered, self referential orientation to the experience.
The hallmark of the diffuse-fuzzy level is a more vague and neutral sense of self-reference or self-orientation. It is precisely because the vague, neutral sense of self orientation operates implicitly in the background that we have a hard time noticing it as activity at all. The activity of discriminative awareness at the diffuse-fuzzy level can be compared to the way the mass of a planet invisibly warps space-time. It is a very subtle level of distortion that can easily be missed.
At the object-subject level there is a much sharper, more clearly defined and intentional relationship between object and the sense of self. Here the sense of I or me is much stronger and more clearly defined” in relation” or “in contrast to” an object. Both “in relation” and “in contrast to” show the dependent nature of this level of selfing-becoming. At this level we often relate to objects or experience in terms of wellbeing, integrity or identity. The appropriation or rejection of the object-experience is seen as imperative to preserving wellbeing, our sense of integrity or our sense of a consistent/coherent identity. Examples of this level can range from feeling like “I”really need “that” (fill in the blank) to make everything right with the world to “that” or “they” are an affront to my existence. Buddhist psychology and object-relations theory in Western psychology. The cycle of lack and desire has no end.
If we include mind as an internal sense organ and mental objects as a form of sense consciousness the second level of selfing-becoming (object-subject) wouldn’t actually have two dimensions. I have found it helpful to distinguish between selfing-becoming that arises around the Western five senses and the selfing-becoming that arises around purely mental objects. Since mental objects often arise due to sense contact the distinction may not be helpful for others.
The two modes I tend to notice at the object-subject level are the sensory consciousness mode (becoming) and idea/story consciousness mode (selfing). The sensory consciousness mode is a reaction to a sensory contact, “that is wonderful”, “this is awful”. Preference, reaction, polarization and intention really become active at this level. It is in this mode we can detect the beginnings of a becoming in relation to some contact or element of experience. If the proliferation isn’t seen and dropped here the idea/story mode generally comes on line and takes it to the next level. It does so by fashioning a distinct kind of self-projection around, in relation to, or in contrast to a particular sensory contact or element of experience. The two modes almost always interact and get entangled so that is the reason for the selfing-becoming compound here.
Selfing-becoming in the sensory consciousness mode is almost always organized around desire or aversion. When I hear an irritating noise impinging repeatedly with aversion arising and passing away enough times it seems to trigger a quick transition from the diffuse-fuzzy level to the object-subject level. Selfing-becoming proliferation starts constructing and projecting a self suffering the impingement and irritation. The self projection is dependent not only on the aversion but the ongoing sensory contact/impingement. The sensory contact and aversion are the raw materials that get woven into the fabrication of an irritated self.
The idea/story mode then often kicks in and starts generating all sorts of views and stories about why this is happening and what needs to be done about it. The self created in the “what can or needs to be done about it” story is actually slightly different than the “irritated self” construction. They are related because they share some raw materials but “what can or needs to be done about it” self starts drawing on newly proliferated materials. The two versions of self might even be merged at some point.
Selfing-becoming in the idea/story consciousness mode on its own involves selfing activity around imagined five sense sensory contacts, views, identities, mental associations, mental activity and social interactions. Selfing-becoming around social interactions includes my reactions to others and the perceived reaction of others to me.
Because the raw materials or foundations we use are using to fashion I-me mine are evanescent and constantly disintegrating the episodic sense of I-me-mine-becoming always wavering, unstable and less than real. The sense of I-me-mine-becoming is constantly flickering, oscillating in and out of existence. It is always decaying and dying. We are constantly working to keep all the balls in the air lest the uncomfortable voidness or emptiness creeps back in. Part of the magic built into the process here is that we are actively hiding the momentariness of it all from awareness. From time to time the juggling act lapses at a certain point in the cycle but due to the momentum of past kamma it always reboots. Due to fear, ignorance and compulsion, the process is never allowed it to lapse for long.
When directly observed the sense of self ebbs, flows and morphs moment to moment – object to object and contact to contact. It can be soft, vague and diffuse or constricted, florid and hard-edged. The common landing spots for the construction-proliferation of a grasping-self micro event include will-intention, the background sense of the body, movement, sense contact, habitual reactions to others, reactions from others, provocative associations, conditions, views, aversion and desire regarding pleasant/unpleasant sensations of hunger, thirst, hunger, heat and cold. The raw materials are plentiful and never seem to exhaust themselves. The thing is that all of these phenomenon are just discrete, empty, selfless bits and pieces. Even the assembly program that gets triggered is itself empty.
The message of Bahiya Sutta hits home. There really is no I-me-mine with regard to this, this or this.
The body is just the body. Sensations and reactions are just sensations and reactions in and of themselves. It is through grasping, compounding, slanting and distortion that a self is fashioned and projected from very particular bits and not others.
We choose to see and reify the assemblage but not the assembling.
This looks like a good place to bring things to a close. Hope that this has been of some help or of some benefit to others interested in anatta as a theme of practice. May your practice flourish!!!
Sukhi Hotu!
The relationship between selfing-becoming and sensory contacts is sometimes a little harder to detect because it is usually ubiquitous and more generalized. While the mindfulness-concentration feedback loop creates the right conditions for selfing-becoming to be seen for the activity it is, we have to also cultivate a sense of unconstricted curiosity and the genuine intention to see it. Mindfulness can help us to create enough space between the experience of the fabrication and the fabrication to actually make the distinction.
The two levels of selfing-becoming I have been able to detect are the diffuse-fuzzy level and the stronger, sharper object-subject levels. The edges at the diffuse-fuzzy level are softer and less defined. I most notice the diffuse-fuzzy dimension when I am sitting quietly, in between tasks, or when I am attending to some object without any particular purpose or intention. The two dimensions seem to oscillate back and forth a lot. The diffuse-fuzzy level can have an object (like gazing at the stars or out a window) but the relationship to the object is more open, softer and looser. While the level is more diffuse there is still a fuzzy but definite self-centered, self referential orientation to the experience.
The hallmark of the diffuse-fuzzy level is a more vague and neutral sense of self-reference or self-orientation. It is precisely because the vague, neutral sense of self orientation operates implicitly in the background that we have a hard time noticing it as activity at all. The activity of discriminative awareness at the diffuse-fuzzy level can be compared to the way the mass of a planet invisibly warps space-time. It is a very subtle level of distortion that can easily be missed.
At the object-subject level there is a much sharper, more clearly defined and intentional relationship between object and the sense of self. Here the sense of I or me is much stronger and more clearly defined” in relation” or “in contrast to” an object. Both “in relation” and “in contrast to” show the dependent nature of this level of selfing-becoming. At this level we often relate to objects or experience in terms of wellbeing, integrity or identity. The appropriation or rejection of the object-experience is seen as imperative to preserving wellbeing, our sense of integrity or our sense of a consistent/coherent identity. Examples of this level can range from feeling like “I”really need “that” (fill in the blank) to make everything right with the world to “that” or “they” are an affront to my existence. Buddhist psychology and object-relations theory in Western psychology. The cycle of lack and desire has no end.
If we include mind as an internal sense organ and mental objects as a form of sense consciousness the second level of selfing-becoming (object-subject) wouldn’t actually have two dimensions. I have found it helpful to distinguish between selfing-becoming that arises around the Western five senses and the selfing-becoming that arises around purely mental objects. Since mental objects often arise due to sense contact the distinction may not be helpful for others.
The two modes I tend to notice at the object-subject level are the sensory consciousness mode (becoming) and idea/story consciousness mode (selfing). The sensory consciousness mode is a reaction to a sensory contact, “that is wonderful”, “this is awful”. Preference, reaction, polarization and intention really become active at this level. It is in this mode we can detect the beginnings of a becoming in relation to some contact or element of experience. If the proliferation isn’t seen and dropped here the idea/story mode generally comes on line and takes it to the next level. It does so by fashioning a distinct kind of self-projection around, in relation to, or in contrast to a particular sensory contact or element of experience. The two modes almost always interact and get entangled so that is the reason for the selfing-becoming compound here.
Selfing-becoming in the sensory consciousness mode is almost always organized around desire or aversion. When I hear an irritating noise impinging repeatedly with aversion arising and passing away enough times it seems to trigger a quick transition from the diffuse-fuzzy level to the object-subject level. Selfing-becoming proliferation starts constructing and projecting a self suffering the impingement and irritation. The self projection is dependent not only on the aversion but the ongoing sensory contact/impingement. The sensory contact and aversion are the raw materials that get woven into the fabrication of an irritated self.
The idea/story mode then often kicks in and starts generating all sorts of views and stories about why this is happening and what needs to be done about it. The self created in the “what can or needs to be done about it” story is actually slightly different than the “irritated self” construction. They are related because they share some raw materials but “what can or needs to be done about it” self starts drawing on newly proliferated materials. The two versions of self might even be merged at some point.
Selfing-becoming in the idea/story consciousness mode on its own involves selfing activity around imagined five sense sensory contacts, views, identities, mental associations, mental activity and social interactions. Selfing-becoming around social interactions includes my reactions to others and the perceived reaction of others to me.
Because the raw materials or foundations we use are using to fashion I-me mine are evanescent and constantly disintegrating the episodic sense of I-me-mine-becoming always wavering, unstable and less than real. The sense of I-me-mine-becoming is constantly flickering, oscillating in and out of existence. It is always decaying and dying. We are constantly working to keep all the balls in the air lest the uncomfortable voidness or emptiness creeps back in. Part of the magic built into the process here is that we are actively hiding the momentariness of it all from awareness. From time to time the juggling act lapses at a certain point in the cycle but due to the momentum of past kamma it always reboots. Due to fear, ignorance and compulsion, the process is never allowed it to lapse for long.
When directly observed the sense of self ebbs, flows and morphs moment to moment – object to object and contact to contact. It can be soft, vague and diffuse or constricted, florid and hard-edged. The common landing spots for the construction-proliferation of a grasping-self micro event include will-intention, the background sense of the body, movement, sense contact, habitual reactions to others, reactions from others, provocative associations, conditions, views, aversion and desire regarding pleasant/unpleasant sensations of hunger, thirst, hunger, heat and cold. The raw materials are plentiful and never seem to exhaust themselves. The thing is that all of these phenomenon are just discrete, empty, selfless bits and pieces. Even the assembly program that gets triggered is itself empty.
The message of Bahiya Sutta hits home. There really is no I-me-mine with regard to this, this or this.
The body is just the body. Sensations and reactions are just sensations and reactions in and of themselves. It is through grasping, compounding, slanting and distortion that a self is fashioned and projected from very particular bits and not others.
We choose to see and reify the assemblage but not the assembling.
This looks like a good place to bring things to a close. Hope that this has been of some help or of some benefit to others interested in anatta as a theme of practice. May your practice flourish!!!
Sukhi Hotu!
- *"Potthapada Sutta: About Potthapada" (DN 9), translated from the Pali by Thanissaro Bhikkhu. Access to Insight, 12 February 2012, http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/dn/dn.09.0.than.html . Retrieved on 5 August 2012.
- MN 43: A monk goes to sit in a quiet place and intentially perceives the six senses and their objects as empty of a self or anything pertaining to a self.
- MN 137: Salayatana-vibhanga Sutta: An Analysis of the Six Sense-media
- MN 149: Maha-salayatanika Sutta: The Great Six Sense-media Discourse
- Ud 1.10: Bahiya Sutta: About Bahiya
- SN 35.23: Sabba Sutta: The All. The All as defined as sense consciousness
- SN 35.24 Pahanaya Sutta: To Be Abandoned. What, exactly, is it that we must let go of? (sense bases and sense contact)
- SN 35.80: Avijja Sutta: Ignorance. What one thing must be abandoned in order to overcome ignorance? Seeing sense bases and contact as separate.
- SN 35.187: Samuddo (1) Sutta: The Ocean (1). What does it mean to cross over the ocean of the six senses?
- SN 35.85: Suñña Sutta: Empty. The Buddha explains to Ven. Ananda in what way the world is devoid of anything that can rightly be called "self." Again, points to sense contact.
- SN 35.132: Lohicco Sutta. Ven. Mahakaccana's advice on guarding the sense doors.
- SN 12.11: Ahara Sutta: Nutriment. Sense-impression is a basic nutriment, that is a sustaining condition of life, and what is nourished or conditioned by it are feelings or sensations (vedana) which are living on that multitude of constantly occurring sense-impressions and assimilating them as pleasant, unpleasant, or indifferent.
Labels:
anatta,
Daily Practices,
Joe Costello,
Self,
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